Voyage estimation excel. Just simply make voyage estimation and save it on your local PC. Voyage estimation excel

 
 Just simply make voyage estimation and save it on your local PCVoyage estimation excel  With Netpas Estimator you can

Ship Voyage Estimation is forecasting of costs and revenues. Mohamed Salah El Din. a) Prepare a voyage estimate and give the break-even freight rate. In the following paragraphs, we have illustrated the procedures of making a complete project time estimation sheet with the help of Excel. History In systematic reviews and meta-analysis, researchers often pool the results of the sample mean and standard deflection from a set the similar clinical trials. Netpas Estimator provides useful calculations and simulations to help your estimation simple and fast. Related Read: 8 Engine Terms Every Marine Engineer Should Know – Part 1. Latest version of Voyage Calculation is VoyCal, was released on 2014-10-23 (updated on 2020-12-29). Bons préparatifs les globe-trotter ! The Voyage Estimate module allows for an unlimited number of time charter calculations, both simple and complex, in order to calculate profitability of potential voyages in comparison with the cost of a vessel. The annual total amount of CO2 is calculated by multiplying annual fuel oil consumption and CF for the type of fuel. Following are 3 important parameters that are most often required to be calculated by marine engineers for record-keeping:. . Figure 3. 96 (30. CASE I VOYAGE ESTIMATION & FREIGHT CALCULATION QUESTION +++ A Spanish exporter wants to export wheat in bulk from Barcelona/Spain to Izmir . Voyage estimation: Off-hire and laytime calculation, demurrage and dispatch; Time Charter Equivalent 7. Similarly, a time charterer. net. 5. Record preventive maintenance. vessel search. Below stages are required in a laytime calculation: 1. Putting all values in the Estimation sheet multiple by each other will. How to do calculate Building Materials Estimation – building material estimate template in excel for civil engineering materials quantity to buy/order civil engineering construction materials for construction work is the most important step as a quantity engineer or consultant. With just a three point (lowest, most likely and highest) estimate of your velocity and project size, you can run a Monte Carlo project simulation in seconds. P = Pessimistic. For the distance between any pair of co-ordinates take the square root of the sum of the square of the difference in x co-ordinates and the square of the difference in y co-ordinates. Book ocean containers without a deposit and we will send you a sailing timeline without a commitment or deposit. A leg is part of a voyage and it is calculated as the time of a vessel’s departure from one port to departure from another port. Commercial 2. 3. ) 📌 Steps: Write the following formula in cell F5. In a similar vein, the level of detail will vary, but. If I put this figure into may calculation I get a timecharter result of minus usd 7 600 per day (from China via Pevek to the Continent) but my average will be (32 000 * 30 + (-7 600 * 30))/ 60 =usd 12 200, - more than 50% higher than my Suez/Panama alternative described above. 0 MTR HEIGHT INCL COLUMN LOAD IN LINE. 2011]. Netpas Estimator is voyage estimation, port distance table, and charter base calculation software for ship owners, charterers, and brokers. Table 1 maps the sectors in the “control” worksheet (such as nuclear power) to their correspondingNetpas Distance is a Port Distance Table providing 12,000 ports and 0. Each calculation is identified by a unique number, are auto-saved and can be shared, copied and if needed, retrieved at a later date. Estimate Template. Commercial Ship Surveying: On/Off Hire Condition Surveys and Bunker Surveys. Laytime Calculation ( Excel Page ) Statement of Facts ( Excel Page ) Voyage Estimation ( Excel Page ) Gencon 94 CP blank ( PDF Page ) Annual Reports ( Excel Page ) Fixture Cover ( Excel Page ) The Vessel Voyage Calculator (Dry Cargo) allows the user to calculate and compare 3 different vessel voyage estimations for dry cargoes ships. Path-finding problemWith the same vessel, you can evaluate and compare Voyage Charter and Time Charter business. ppt / . PERT formula to estimate project completion time. You can open the saved voyage estimation and find the information as quick as you can. Netpas Estimator is voyage estimation, port distance table, and charter base calculation software for ship owners, charterers, and brokers. Finally sum up all sub tasks into main tasks. It will support your sales plan intensively for profitable business. voyage estimation software. How? After the. All voyages involving ship-to-ship lightering operations. For bigger data such as hourly. 000645 (t-15))Contracts & clauses Ships, ports & voyage planning Cargo Insight & info Training Events About us & our members Laytime Calculation ( Excel Page ) Statement of Facts ( Excel Page ) Voyage Estimation ( Excel Page ) Gencon 94 CP blank ( PDF Page ) Annual Reports ( Excel Page ) Fixture Cover ( Excel Page ) You can estimate the total duration,Voyage Estimation - Free download as Excel Spreadsheet (. Voyage Estimation is the calculation of the profit or loss that a vessel will make from a proposed voyage charter. - Powerful reporting function provided in Excel and PDF formats; Powerful Estimation Tool for Most of Tramper Business. Download Construction Estimator Template. Basic Excel Model – $69. 72 MB. Our voyage estimation module is made in such a way that makes it easy, quick & sleek to work with. Retaining wall can be constructed with masonry as well as reinforced concrete. McDistance is a mobile edition for the voyage calculation and voyage estimation application which synchronizes budget. b) Draft a firm offer in short form to reply the above indication from Charterer. 15 m = P. Voyage Orders. -Net Voyage income. 1 - User Manual – Voyage Estimation Release 1 Estimating a Voyage Charter Voyage 16 August 2004 3 General Tips for Using the Voyage Estimator • All data is auto-saved. Docx. Real-Time vessel data. See reports as they are filled. Track route data. - You can save the calculation result to MS Excel file. voyage estimator. BE MORE AGILE AND SAVE TIME BY PREVENTING DUPLICATE WORK WITH NOZZLE. 50m. The new calculator takes all the essential information for a voyage and returns its results simultaneously for each vessel in a simple grid. Unavoidably, Ship Voyage Estimation includes comparing one voyage with an alternative voyage to see which produces the most immeasurable yield. - US $ 114,250. 00 25. Vessel Voyage Calculator Dry Cargo. Save Save Voyage Estimate For Later. Your reply should include all the followings: - the normal main terms - assume a vessel name and some particulars (need not put figures except DWT, Yr built, Flag, Class, Cubics, GRT/NRT)Until quite recently, accurate maps were constructed by triangulation, which in essence is the application of Pythagoras’s Theorem. Voyage Estimator / Calculator for the Ship owners and the Chartering Managers. Best Business is both a Back-Office and a Point-of-Sale all in one, with advanced features. Vessel Voyage Calculator (Dry Cargo) €110. Voyage estimate. 67 from this mean value. Recommended Articles. Commercial 30. 2) Change in the price level of different materials. Revisions of SEEMP to add the Ship Fuel Oil Consumption Data Collection Plan (DCP) which includes a description of the methodology for data collecting and the reporting processes 2. Understanding of relevant clauses in the charter party. Voyage Estimate - Free download as Excel Spreadsheet (. Retrouvez les planificateurs en version Excel pour un voyage sur mesure et plusieurs check-list à suivre. Demand forecasting is the estimation of a probable future demand for a product or service. If the cargowork takes more time than the time stipulated, demurrage is paid by the charterer to the owner at a rate that has been agreed in the charter party (e. cargo search. • In voyage charter all the vessel-related expenses that include operating costs and voyage costs are paid for by the ship owner. Uploaded by nikoskarandinos. Developer's Description. Remember that the charter ends on the last day when her holds are being cleaned in Rotterdam. Uncertainty helps in estimating the best approximation for a measurement. •Voyage Expenses Expenses Total Bunker Expenses Looding Port Disbursement Discharging Port Disbursement Bunkering Port Disbursement Total Other Expenses Cargo Voyage Estimate Bremerhaven/Baie Comeau (Ballast) Baie Comeau/Casablanca (Loaded) 13. To know more about many other features of the Commercial Suite including the Voyage Estimation software, Laytime, Calculations Software, Performance Monitoring Software etc and for a demo, please contact us: Vessel Operations Software Voyage Performance Software / SEEMP & EEOI :دانلود Voyage Calculation VoyCal برای اندروید. Their objective is to minimize operators’ administrative overhead caused by fragmented tools, such as distance tables, port lists, speed consumption curves and multiple excel sheets. Recovery for Excel fixes corrupted Microsoft Excel spreadsheet files (. SUBSCRIBE to our channel. Select the voyage you would like to create a report for. Abstract. 74 days A ship voyage estimation is one of the central activities that is closely related to routing, but primarily aims at forecasting expenses and revenues from each voyage. Env. 95 $104. Bid4Build is one of the most advanced, easy to use, construction estimating software systems available on the market today for the price. Each calculation is identified by a unique number, are auto-saved and can be shared, copied and if needed, retrieved at a later date. Footing excavation work needs sum drawing like Footing location Drawing and Section Drawing. Product and Supplier Profitability Excel. Step-3: Calculating Total Cost. 3 of Ship Emissions Toolkit Guide No. - Powerful reporting function provided in Excel and PDF formats; Powerful Estimation Tool for Most of Tramper Business. 50/per day. Standardized report forms that elastically fit into your operational needs. Moreover, Netpas Estimator provides useful function such as Loadable. g. The categories assigned to the Points of Interest (POIs) are the basis for. Remarks. How the module is taught, attendance and the teaching schedule: The module will utilize flexible, responsive and interactive learning environments by the use of aPort Distance Desktop Edition helps you to obtain precise distances between ports, quickly and accurately estimate voyage costs and profits, and effectively manage budget records. exe file downloaded on your PC, and follow the installation instructions. Short Description. Voyage estimation excel calculations in description . This Excel workbook is for use in conjunction with the UK Maritime and Coastguard Agency's Consolidated European Reporting System version 3 (CERS 3) for the submission of SafeSeaNet v3-compliant voyage notifications relating to maritime vessel voyages visiting UK ports. Results for different speeds, T/C equivalents, break-even rates are just a mouse-click away. 0 m = footing size. Doc. Voyage estimation for Dry Cargo. Her rivals in the contest are strong and it will be difficult to excel them. 2 Example: A ship owner has received the following indication from. Use this free Project Budget Template for Excel to manage your projects better. Landed cost then runs a preliminary posting/accrual of the estimated landed costs to ensure that an accurate calculation of estimated costs is provided at the time of voyage creation. It allows you to. in. b) Draft a firm offer in short form to reply the above indication from Charterer. Excavation How to Find Excavation as Per Drawing. The Vessel Voyage Calculator (Dry Cargo) allows the user to calculate and compare 3 different vessel voyage estimations for dry cargoes ships. Grab this wonderful template for free. I feel the best way to understand this subject is through an example. Unlimited amount of reports. Exl-Plan Free (UK/International edition): Business plan and financial projections for new & established businesses. Templates. 1. Note: Now click CTRL + B (bold). com for a copy of the excel file. When inputting the confidence function into Excel, use the alpha value you get when estimating a rate of confidence. 2. These estimated costs provide an accurate estimate of all costs for a voyage. company searchVoyage estimating. Retaining walls are used in the construction of basement below ground level, wing walls of bridge and to retain slopes in hilly terrain roads. Tramper Business for Company Co-Working Application with various functions such as Contract, Estimation, Operation, Address book, Statistics and more. Finish filling out the form with the Done button. VOYCAL Ver 11. Download and play Voyage Calculation android on PC will allow you have more excited mobile experience on a Windows computer. Voyage Estimation is the calculation of the profit or loss that a vessel will make from a proposed voyage charter. Voyages where the vessel has loaded several parcels or Voyages where vessel only part loaded to less than 75% capacity. 05 Voyage Estimation - Free download as PDF File (. Il est ultra-utile si vous partez en voyage en France ou à l’étranger, pour un séjour court ou long, de quelques jours ou de plusieurs mois. txt) or read online for free. Here in this article, we are gonna present to you two of the popular Android emulators to use Voyage Estimation for Charterers on PC. . formatedDate. It incorporates all standard time-counting clauses like reversible/non-reversible, working time/all time saved, once on demurrage/always on demurrage-not always on demurrage. The copy of the excel sheet for the building estimate is in the table format shown below. 4) Change in the specification of construction. Hit the Enter key to evaluate the function. Footing P. This has been a guide to Uncertainty Formula. All the other columns will be populated automatically with. This financial model template will enable you to: - Estimate up to 3 different. Quantity. We utilise the system of calculation used by the UK Maritime and Coastguard Agency. Voyage Estimation Sheet. Download Free PDF. Voyage calculator in description . For bigger data such as hourly. With the same vessel, you can evaluate and compare Voyage Charter and Time Charter business. • Voyage Charter party concept and clauses • Time Charter party concept and clauses. b) Draft a firm offer in short form to reply the above indication from Charterer. 4. , a bus company will provide an ETA for its journeys based on the average speed expected for a bus over a specific journey. (described in presentation) 2. net, check our huge database of TXT, PPT, DOC, PDF and XLS files ready to download. Footing size = 1400 mm x 1400 mm. your choice provide an explanation of the voyage estimate calculations required for each employment opportunity, then identify a preferred employment providing the reasons for your decision. The attached Excel sheet can be used to calculate both CO2 emissions as well as primary energy requirements for the following activities:. Download APKPure APP to get the latest update of Voyage Calculation and any app on Android. Using the template will allow you to customize your own packing list and save it for later use. Bunker calculation example: Consider 285MT of HFO is planning to take on No. Voyage planning challenges. Revolve allows you to populate effort estimation Excel workbooks directly. It’s strongly recommended that you use project planning software to assist you in the process of creating a. 1. • Operational approach for obtaining an accurate fuel consumption and speed curve. Netpas Estimator provides useful calculations and simulations to help your estimation simple and fast. Specifying the correct model is an iterative process where you fit a model, check the results, and possibly modify it. The details of the cargo and ships are given below. Andreas Papastavrou CFM, FMVA, BIDA’S Post Andreas Papastavrou CFM, FMVA, BIDA reposted thisDevelop a new model for the estimation of BOP items related to shipping activity (H5000) from 1/2015 - onwards, based on administrative data and international databases, taking. After a fixture has been made and the vessel has commenced performance of the charter, "post-fixture activities" become important. 5. VOYAGE CALCULATION COST T/C EXPENSE GENERAL TOTAL SHIP NAME: samsun mersin aqaba Daily T/C Rate Alternative T/C Rate Lumpsum FRT Alternative Freight Comission : Commencing Load port Discharging Port TOTAL MILES Buses DAYS units/mts/cbm 95 Units IFO/mts MGO/mts DISTANCE/miles OTHER COSTS L/D PORTS PORT and/or ANCHOR Weather Days TOTAL COST Price. Each free estimate template is a simple and easy way to send a quote to clients. voyage estimator. where, x: the value whose corresponding value (y) we must predict. Moreover, Netpas Estimator provides useful function such as Loadable. co. 5knots x 24 hours) = 22. Pages: 1 - 6. The Voyage Estimator is part of Q88’s Cloud-based Voyage Management System, Q88VMS, which supports chartering, fixture creation, voyage operations including Q88’s inbuilt e-mail module through which all voyage communications and data can be managed in a single workspace. First, we develop a range of data with the results of each of the three dice for 50 rolls. 30000 Fuel Cost/Ton: HFO: 500 Miles Ports /Hrs @ Sea 2000. pdf. Designed to support all types of calculations associated to a Voyage Estimation. 00% OFF) Pro Excel Model – $99. Finding and accessing any setting or information has become as easy as it gets! Voyage Estimation Sheet - Free download as Excel Spreadsheet (. Information you will get from bunker advice form, Density at 15°C =0. 3. txt) or view presentation slides online. Timesheets and Laytime. Laytime Calc Spread Sheet - Free download as Excel Spreadsheet (. C. 00 24. CF is a non-dimensional conversion factor between fuel oil consumption and CO2 emission in the 2014 Guidelines on the method of calculation of the attained Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) for new ships. 0% 0% found this document useful, Mark this document as useful. 2. Voyage Estimation is the calculation of the profit or loss that a ship will make from a proposed voyage charter. How to Determine Footing P. For voyage estimation it is absolute essential to have enough knowledge about the maritime geography with particular regards to distances and loadlines. All of those are very easy to use. 22 MB Download. Result of the Voyage Estimate. VOYAGE PLANNER Voyage Planner is an advanced chartering application or voyage estimator, designed to analyze the commercial viability of a proposed voyage. Download Free Version. Here, the IF function defines the condition that cell C5 will show results within 24 hours. CASE I VOYAGE ESTIMATION & FREIGHT CALCULATION A Spanish exporter wants to export wheat in bulk from Barcelona/Spain to Izmir . Here we will discuss about the theory and then we will solve an estimation problem. Opis Voyage Calculation. 00 24. Prepare a Voyage Estimate to find out the PMT (per metric tonne) freight rate for this cargo to break even for the owners. Advantages on the cost level: 1- You can predefine the vessels’ fuel rules to estimate the voyage fuel. The voyage estimating programme first calculates the time the voyage takes in days. I'm making a voyage estimation sheet as follows, Laden /Ballast SPEED: 10. or simply =0. pdf), Text File (. First, if you operate the ship, you have to compare different estimations to know the related costs and choose the voyage. With Netpas Estimator you can. Download Excel File. Revise the. It involves analyzing the costs of chartering the. XLS (Excel) to DBF Converter allows you to convert your XLS (Microsoft Excel) files to DBF format. Share a ClickUp Board in a Sprint planning session. Civil. Commercial Aspects of Shipping Voyage Estimation. chartering voyage estimation. 4 the expected total costs for her first voyage Calculate the expected total cost of Petros J’s voyages, i. Commencez par définir vos destinations pour tracer un itinéraire. DJI Computer Solutions. With the same cargo, you can evaluate and compare Voyage and Cargo Relet business. Step 2: Calculate Ct (the Tank constant); Ct = LS / ( 2 x TS x Lt ) (where Lt is the Length of the Cargo Tank). In order to set his export price, he needs freight rates. Download free PDF Ebooks, files, documents at Ebookily. xls), PDF File (. In the Data Analysis popup, choose Regression, and then follow the steps below. Unfortunately, bad floppies and corrupted file systems pop up and. Wage Calculator Excel. You routinely do cost estimates for all kinds of construction projects, from building new structures to remodeling. Ship Voyage Estimation is forecasting of costs and revenues. Image Edition. BE MORE AGILE AND SAVE TIME BY PREVENTING DUPLICATE WORK WITH NOZZLE. To Unlock this Sheet Make Google Pa. Download your copy, save it to the cloud, print. Ajoutez 20% aux distances obtenues (correspondant aux déplacements locaux, dans les parcs ou dans les villes) pour être tranquille et avoir une estimation de votre budget Carburant. Voyage Estimation - Free download as Excel Spreadsheet (. The estimation takes into account the vessel's speed, the distance to be travelled, the type of cargo, the weather conditions. Step 1: Dice Rolling Events. Create a cost estimate. Soling Size = Similar to PCC = 1700 mm x 1700 mm. Automatic detection of day breaks. =50 Deg. You can open the saved voyage estimation and find the information as quick as you can. Economics of Ship Operations S3-Exam-ISSC-3. The distance to travel is divided by the speed and this gives. File Format. 2. 0 kts /SPEED: 12. It allows you to calculate all of the expenses you have while traveling. These easily customizable templates are ideal for conveying trip itineraries, travel advice, or showcasing new destinations. Data and analytics are collected and shown in real-time, you can use Navatom to track your vessels. Including a large and extensible port distances data base, the system permits on line checking of more than one vessel for the same job, permits “What if” suppositions by interactive variation of all associated. Download the Excel Project Estimator Template. 50m. 20 October,. 1. Learn More. Voyage estimate. Using Subtraction. MARIDES (Maritime Decision Support) focuses on the development of the necessary decision supportWith the same vessel, you can evaluate and compare Voyage Charter and Time Charter business. The Voyage Estimate window opens. The details of the cargo and ships are given below. 1 HFO port tank having capacity of 400m3 at trim of 0. Download our free construction estimate template to get started on making more accurate cost estimates for your projects. txt) or read online for free. Temperature of fuel oil at the time of pumping. Pages: 1 - 6. Excel | Word | PDF | Smartsheet. الصفحة الرئيسية ألعابTải xuống APK Voyage Calculation VoyCal cho Android. Voyageestimating. Depth is given 1. The list will only display the last 100 legs completed. In order to set his export price, he needs freight rates. ) Once you’ve got them open, click “File” then “Print” to print out your sheets and map out your project budget. Description This travel budget template makes it easy to enter your travel expenses for your next trip. Calculez votre budget voyage pour aller à Bali en 2023 avec cet outil gratuit et découvrez le. A project budget contains the financial details of your project, including the estimates of all the project costs and the money you need to layout to lead a successful project, from resources to materials. With VIP Voyage Reporting, you can: Access structured data describing location, ETA, bunker status, fuel consumption, and more. they can send an e-mail at shiplearn@yahoo. 1. Recovery for Excel fixes corrupted Microsoft Excel spreadsheet files (. Bons préparatifs les globe-trotter !The Voyage Estimate module allows for an unlimited number of time charter calculations, both simple and complex, in order to calculate profitability of potential voyages in comparison with the cost of a vessel. Staircase Estimation Excel sheet. Voyage Estimation Sheet - Free download as Excel Spreadsheet (. Moreover, Netpas Estimator provides useful. You can find more information in [Kanamori et al. The worksheet is set up to let you enter a quantity and unit cost for each item. Voyage estimation & calculation By Tarek Saab – On July 28, 2020 Voyage estimation & calculation is one of the most robust features in Logisoft. Env. Bunker calculation example: Consider 285MT of HFO is planning to take on No. A vessel doing 14 Knots and consuming 15 tons of Fuel will take three days to cover 1000 Miles consuming about USD 20000 of Fuel. 01 225. ETHICS Work Ethic Bidding Practices Loyalty to Employer Ethical Dilemmas Conclusion Problems Reference PART V: ADVANCED ESTIMATING 32. Moreover, Netpas Estimator provides useful function such as Loadable. ;. With the same vessel, you can evaluate and compare Voyage Charter and Time Charter business. (When it opens, click “Make a copy,” and it will save to your Google Drive. Voyage Estimation is the calculation of the profit or loss that a ship will make from a proposed voyage charter. It will support your sales plan intensively for profitable business. With VIP Voyage Reporting, you can: Access structured data describing location, ETA, bunker status, fuel consumption, and more. PRACTICAL CHARTERING. The PERT formula is used to calculate the expected time to complete a project by taking the weighted average of the three-time estimates by considering these 3 elements of time:. • So if the owner’s calculation is that his daily costs are say, $10,000 per day, but the market is paying $15,000 pd then his profit will be $5,000 pd. pdf), Text File (. As a rule, demand planning solutions based on statistical techniques seamlessly integrate with Excel and existing Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems without requiring additional tech expertise. 67 = 85. Voyage estimation for dry cargo is a complex task that requires careful consideration of all the factors involved. It. 50 PPTCE44L E Kalimantan, Indonesia - Guangzhou. Make your travel fully managed with this simply beautiful travel excel template. You can use Excel to project values that are based on existing data or to automatically generate values based on linear or growth trend calculations. two or more possible voyages in order to determine which is the most profitable. For example if distance is sixteen hundred nautical miles and the ship sails at twelve knots, then 1600/ (12 x 24) = 5. Here’s the solution. The so-called formula is the content of data calculation and processing for Excel worksheet designed by users, while the function is a special formula, that is, pre-defined, performing calculation,Voyage CP Voyage Estimation • • • • • • • Enquiry Offer Order + sales agreement Shipment Complaint Delivery Payment 1 VOYAGE ESTIMATION This month let us look at voyage estimation. Published 29/08/2017 at 256 × 256 in voyage estimator. Details. Title: Microsoft Word - Laytime Concept & Calculations Author: c. The ship owner or charterer then compares the estimated cost of the voyage with the expected. 5 days C) Repositioning Leg = 583 nm/336 (14 x 24 hours) = 1. - Calculate simple voyage estimation. 0 ratings 0% found this document useful (0 votes) 270 views. 41 S TUDENT S ECTION Commercial Aspects of Shipping – Voyage Estimation Jagmeet Makkar, FICS, FRINA, FIMarE (I), ACIArb Education Officer, Institute of Chartered Shipbrokers, Hong Kong Branch (The views expressed here are solely those of the author, and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organization he represents. txt) or read online for free. Click on the last cell, and type =SUM (D5:D15), then press enter. Descarga de APK de Voyage Calculation VoyCal para Android. Learn More. After installing Seametrix, run it and insert your Seametrix credentials. Marine Online is a B2B e-commerce platform for shipping services including chartering, getting bunker price, ship supply, port agency, crewing, ship sale and purchase, marine services & finding marine suppliersEstimating the cost of vessels is an important factor for the operation & maintenance (O&M) costs of offshore wind farms. Time Log Template. Category: Database Solutions. Add to cart. 2009] and [Hido et al.